Reflection

 Vedic Civilization The Vedic period can be divided into two parts. 1. Rigvedic period (1500-1000 BC) 2. Later Vedic period (1000-600 BC) Max Muller told that Aryans came to India from Central Asia (Iran) and first settled in Punjab and Afghanistan in India. The civilization built by the Aryans was the Vedic civilization.  The word Arya means superior. The language of the Aryans was Sanskrit and it was a rural civilization. The unit of administration was divided into five parts. (1. kula or clan 2. Village or grama 3. Vish 4. Jana 5. Nation) The head of the village was called Gramini. The head of Vish was called Vishapati and the rule of the jana was called Rajan. The sabha and samiti were the body giving advice to the king.  Women could participate in both. The word Gavishti has been used for war, which meant the search for cow Vajpati was the owner of the transit land. He work to catch avid criminals. Rigvedic society was divided into four varnas on the basis of occupation - Brahmin

Medieval History of India First on India, Muhammad bin Qasim (Arab) invaded and conquered Sindh in 712 AD. The main objective of the Arab invasion of India was to plunder wealth and to propagate Islam. The information about the Arab conquest of Sindh is obtained from Chachnama. The Arabs practiced camel rearing and date palm cultivation in Sindh. Mahmud Ghazni Mahmud Ghazni first attacked India in 1000 AD in Peshawar.  He attacked India 17 times. The main purpose of its attack was also to plunder money.  Mahmud Ghazni was an idol-breaking invader. Mahmud Ghazni in 1025 attacked the temple of Somnath (Saurashtra, Gujarat).  He had killed 50,000 Hindus during this attack. his last invasion of India was against Jats. Mahmud Ghazni was the first ruler to assume the title of Sultan. Mahmud Ghazni established university in Ghazni. Shahnama was composed by Firdausi and Kitab-ul-Hind was composed by Alberuni. Muhammad Ghori Muhammad Ghori first attacked India in 1175 in Multan.  Muhammad Ghor

Schedules of the Indian Constitution - First Schedule :- It mentions the states and union territories of the Indian Union. Second Schedule :- It mentions the salaries given to various officials of India. Third Schedule :- It mentions the oath taken by various officials. Fourth Schedule :- It gives details of representation of various states and union territories in the Rajya Sabha. Fifth Schedule :- It gives information about the administration of Scheduled Castes.  Sixth Schedule :- It provides for the administration of tribal areas of the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. Seventh Schedule :- In this, between the Center and the States Powers are given. There are three lists under this. Union List, State List and Concurrent List. 1. Union List :- The Central Government makes laws on the subjects given in this list. At the timeo f implementation of the Constitution, there were 97 subjects, now there are 100 subjects. 2. State List :- States Government makes laws on the su