Vedic Civilization | philosophy and its originator

 Vedic Civilization

The Vedic period can be divided into two parts.

1. Rigvedic period (1500-1000 BC)

2. Later Vedic period (1000-600 BC)

Max Muller told that Aryans came to India from Central Asia (Iran) and first settled in Punjab and Afghanistan in India.

The civilization built by the Aryans was the Vedic civilization.  The word Arya means superior.

The language of the Aryans was Sanskrit and it was a rural civilization.

The unit of administration was divided into five parts. (1. kula or clan 2. Village or grama 3. Vish 4. Jana 5. Nation)

The head of the village was called Gramini.

The head of Vish was called Vishapati and the rule of the jana was called Rajan.

The sabha and samiti were the body giving advice to the king.  Women could participate in both.

The word Gavishti has been used for war, which meant the search for cow

Vajpati was the owner of the transit land. He work to catch avid criminals.

Rigvedic society was divided into four varnas on the basis of occupation -

Brahmin 2. Kshatriya 3. Vaishya 4. Shudra

The society of Arya was patriarchal.  The smallest unit of society was the family or clan, headed by the father and called the kulapa.

Women used to participate in yagya works along with their husbands during this period.

Child marriage and purdah system was not prevalent.

The widow could marry the younger brother of her deceased husband.

Women who remained unmarried throughout their life were called Amaju.

The favorite drink of the Aryans was Somras.  It was made from vegetation.

The number of Upanishads is 108. upanishads written by vyasa. Language of upanishads is sanskrit.

The main occupation of the Aryans was animal husbandry and agriculture. The knowledge of tobacco was not known to the people of Vedic period.

The favorite animal of the Aryans was the horse and the favorite deity was Indra. Woolen cloth was called samulya.

The metal discovered by the Aryans was iron, which was called Shyam Ayas and copper was called Lohit Ayas.

Death penalty for those who kill the cow and There was a provision to remove from the country

 Of all the rivers mentioned in the Rigveda, the Saraswati river is considered the most important and sacred.  The river Ganga is mentioned once in the Rigveda and the river Yamuna is mentioned three times.  In this the Indus river is mentioned most often.

Later Vedic period (1000-600 BC)-

In the later Vedic period, Prajapati Deity became the most beloved in place of Indra.

In the later Vedic period, the varna system was decided on the basis of birth.

In the later Vedic period, the plow was called Sira and the plow-line was called Sita.

Satyameva Jayate is taken from Mundakopanishad.

In the later Vedic period, for the first time in Kaushambi city, solid bricks were used.

Epic is two.  1. Mahabharata 2. Ramayana

The old name of Mahabharata is Jayasamhita.  Mahabharata is the biggest epic of the world. Mahabharat written by vyasa in sanskrit language.

The birth of an institution called Gotra also took place in the later Vedic period.

The main philosophy and its originator-

Darshan(philosophy)                originator(promoter)

 Yoga Darshan                                  Patanjali

Nyaya Darshan                              Gotama Rishi

Charvaka Darshan                          Charvaka

Sankhya Darshan                           Kapil Muni (the oldest)

purva Mimasan                                 Jaimini Rai

uttar Mimasan                               Badrayana

Vaisheshik Darshan                         Kanad or Uluk

                             

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